Open-source fuzzy color spaces for perceptual color analysis
PyFCS is an open-source Python framework for creating, visualizing, and applying fuzzy color spaces. It bridges the gap between computational color representations and human color perception by modeling color categories through prototypes, fuzzy regions, and membership degrees.
The framework supports the complete workflow of fuzzy color-space analysis: building fuzzy color spaces from crisp color collections, exploring their geometric structure in 3D, applying them to digital images, and evaluating color differences through perceptual metrics and threshold-based interpretations.
The website provides access to PyFCS-Web, a web-based interface that offers a subset of PyFCS functionalities for interactive exploration of fuzzy color spaces directly in the browser. It also includes demonstration materials, a public GitHub repository providing access to the source code for download and use, and additional utility files supporting experimentation and reuse.
Create fuzzy color spaces
Build fuzzy color spaces from collections of crisp colors, prototypes, linguistic labels and color semantics.
Explore 3D structures
Visualize representatives, cores, α-cuts and supports in an interactive 3D model of the color space.
Apply to images
Map image pixels to fuzzy color categories and inspect membership degrees for selected colors or regions.
Evaluate color differences
Compare selected colors using perceptual ΔE metrics, threshold presets, closest-prototype ranking and interpretation tools.
Associated Publications
Peer-reviewed articles and conference papers related to PyFCS and fuzzy color spaces.
Fuzzy conceptual spaces for dental shade analysis: A perceptually grounded approach with an open-source Python framework
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 181, Part 2, October 2026, Art. no. 115437.
PyFCS GUI: A new visualization and interaction framework for fuzzy color spaces
SoftwareX, vol. 31, September 2025, Art. no. 102316.
Advances in 3D exploration of fuzzy color spaces with PyFCS
In Proceedings of the 2025 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ), July 2025.
PyFCS: A new Python library to create and manipulate fuzzy color spaces
In Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), June 2024.
DOIs link to the publisher’s version. PDFs provide the author accepted manuscript where permitted.